Wednesday, September 29, 2010

Depth Review: Robin Li and Baidu Growing Pains


Lot of criticism in a short time; a support who have been users of the Internet companies, many in a short time attack. Robin Li, Baidu, which is now the exposure environment. 1 year and 1 year after the image of the two great changes both in the overnight. What of those infected with what they chigger? Logically speaking, one after the Nasdaq listing standards stricter test of the industry the company should be a model. Baidu careful study, in addition to the lofty stock price is attractive to the industry and its practices so that there are too many incomprehensible between. Perhaps Baidu sprint speed is too fast, so fast that not even have time to reflect. However, without a review, but the company is facing many crises, how can it do long-distance running has been pretty down to earth manner? Beat is also a giant. Well, Baidu What exactly is a business? Baidu in the end the question why concentrated outbreak in a short time? Robin Li, Baidu continues to Xiaoying world can bring? ... ... Placed in a range of issues head Baidu need careful inquiry of the Chinese Internet sector.

I do not know by chance or deliberately by the. In Wang Yan, Charles Zhang and Ding Lei other three iconic figures of China's Internet at the same time absence, Robin Li became China Internet Conference 2006 on the star character.

September 21, 2006, Beijing International Convention Center, guests gathered in the annual China Internet Conference being held here. China's three major portals (Sina, Sohu and Netease) the CEO for the first time the absence of the General Assembly at the same time.

In the Internet conference, and the day before the meeting, the Council of the China Internet Society meeting, Robin Li had serious coat off, suddenly become pro and up. He not only makes an appearance, but also the trouble in the General Assembly podium participants willing to do an admirer of the photo "props." Face image of the changes to the Robin Li, there was a look of surprise participating media colleagues said: "I've never seen him in public so active, he did not encounter any wedding it!"

In fact, Robin Li did just experienced something to celebrate: the day after the vice president of the China Internet Association, co-opted the meeting, all Council members voted unanimously agreed to add his unit as vice president. He is the only addition of the vice president of the General Assembly.

After all, only a happy event, but at this time encountered trouble Baidu is a connected one, and the issues were not resolved. Robin Li, Baidu was elected vice president does not give a "joyous." Therefore, the scene is evident to see that the General Assembly, even though Robin Li and show your face relaxed, his heart troubles are also ready to come out - Baidu connection with the recent Rehuoshangshen: From July 10 layoffs were condemned lightning start, Baidu the meeting misfortune to another, and labor arbitration lost, big fight with Sohu bickering, the policy has changed channels, provoked outrage, advertisers Dumen protest, and SAN FRANCISCO struggle between right and wrong, and even former employees were killed in the company is also the case turned out by the industry.

In reality, children grow up to 6 years of age is bound to undergo bone development of growing pains. Baidu company is also the age of 6 years of age, should it fall into another "youth troubles."



Chapter Baidu over favored

"Baidu about a problem" - which many Chinese people have become familiar advertisements.

Technical genius Robin Li, with the persistent pursuit and unremitting efforts, smart operation, only six years of effort to put up the Nasdaq market, the first China concept stocks - Baidu. It is not only today's Nasdaq shares of China stocks in the highest one, even for Baidu's market share of 62.1% ranked as China's Internet search market dominance.

But when the third party look at Baidu's time, it was found that their success in addition to their own efforts, luck is also a great blessing.

However, the well-known fact is: fortune does not always bless anyone. And search is only a tool for finding information, it is not all information processing, more non-Internet is all about. Therefore, the search at this stage sought after by some, there may be another hot stage.

Unexpected success

Robin Li, male, born in Yangquan, Shanxi 1968.

In 1987, the 19-year-old Robin Li luggage back to Beijing to study at this time, he does not expect to actually have the opportunity to study abroad; start when Lee returned, he is also very difficult to guess that they can have today.

Christmas 1999, Robin Li carries 1.2 million U.S. dollars set foot on the return journey of entrepreneurship. Prior to that he used the opportunity to return each year wandering around and see what high-tech companies are doing, what the research universities, the people of the computer doing. Until 1999, the National Day, we started printing business cards on e-mail address, and the street was wearing a printed ". Com" T-shirts, he concluded that the Internet in China mature, can be a great environment. The Robin Li's money personal book about it - even in 2023 less than a penny earned, but also to ensure the whole family can live a normal life - time to quit business.

March 2000, no child no red balloon red silk, and no one remember clearly whether the listed company. In such circumstances, Baidu in the Beijing Zhongguancun resources near the hotel 1414,1417 (two house numbers are not very lucky) in two rooms opened. At that time, Robin Li, Baidu management to set the initial two disciplines: no smoking, pets are not allowed.

Baidu early, in addition to financial, treasury, administrative and technical personnel are all outside, Robin Li and other colleagues also offering Sales, full-time technical staff is only 5.

At the time, not what people expect Baidu. May 2000, they found its first customer - eNet (eNet). Robin Li was pleased to quickly organized a very big conscious news conference. To a question and answer time, Robin Li waited full of hope to answer questions, but no reporters raised their hands to ask questions. We do not know Robin Li and Baidu in the end can do.

After the Spring Festival of 2002, Baidu has won 80% of the market share, Robin Li, or with a worried frown, because companies do not make money. He realized that business is sure there is a problem. Reference to the United States has been concerned with the industry experience of Overture, Robin Li proposed transfer of force direction, do your own website, and the introduction of PPC.

Baidu's transition to persuade the Nasdaq investors, they believe Robin Li will be successful. The evening of 5 August 2005, Beijing time 11:40, Baidu formally listed on the NASDAQ in the United States. To close the first day of trading, Baidu shares to 122.54 U.S. dollars, up 3.958 billion U.S. dollars market value, the stock rose to a frenzied 353.85%.

Even so, no one claims that Baidu is a great company. Indeed, Baidu's success so unexpected, and with Robin Li's words, "Baidu's performance of the world's surprise." It also made his own surprise.

Fortunately Baidu

With the rapid development of Internet, the information to explode, the search has subsequently become a life essential users basic applications, is under this background, the search engines become the new darling of the Internet. Baidu to search for the main industry in its lucky every time.

Knowledgeable persons in view, the search engine is not new. In 2005, a search conference, search technology, celebrity week Anchor in his speech said: search for what? That in the past about the search.

Search, is in the vast ocean of information to find the necessary information and means of a technique, it began to do research mainly in the service of scholars to write papers. 80s in the last century has been the theme when searching full-text search, etc. Many research outcomes.

With the invention and development of the Internet, it significantly broadens the search purposes, for public use as an everyday tool. Also, the amount of information the Internet is no longer limited to academia and its coverage, it becomes ubiquitous, huge, and at any time the content is also updated and growth cycle, tens of billions pages of information and everything in tens of millions of websites in the world, not the content of continuing to collect (in the industry known as "spider crawl") technology, an effective method to judge the content of the value, classification and indexing tools while serving tens of millions of users simultaneous access to the platform, Internet searches service out of the question.

It is in this case, the search engine has been developed rapidly and created many miracles. Internationally, from the last century since the mid-90s, in addition to today has become a portal Yahoo and Microsoft's MSN, the market has seen Excite, Infoseek, AltaVista, Lycos and other search engines is technically very good provider. Last Google With strong R & D focus and strength all the way driving into the distance, listed only 10 months more than the wealth of the rich West Asia United Arab Emirates.

Baidu also is in this context to grow up, and foreign giants simply can not on its threat. Localization remains a U.S. company to enter the Chinese market bottlenecks, Google is also not spared, either Kai-fu Lee continuous personnel changes or the reinforcement of six experts, and now do not appear to play a role in reversing the weakness of their markets.

Not only that, Google's success in the Nasdaq also helped Baidu's busy. Week anchor to the "IT Times" said: very good luck Baidu, Baidu's story is very easy for U.S. investors to understand and be convinced, and the low cost of storytelling, Baidu, etc. So Google in China or Chinese language Internet content search replica of the Chinese Internet market is rising, the future will be more than the United States.




Chapter 100 disease-ridden

Nasdaq sweet champagne, but also intoxicating, investors hope that the money people want to wear the look uneasy, the young Baidu and its managers will inevitably face pressure to know what to do so. Even worse, because the sprint too fast, so stay down Baidu with no self-reflection of the time.

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銆??鐧惧害鐨勭鐞嗗洟闃燂紝闄や簡鍒涘浜烘潕褰﹀畯澶栵紝CEO鏈辨椽娉簬2002骞村姞鍏ョ櫨搴︼紝涔嬪墠鏇惧湪鐢ㄥ弸鍋氳繃闆嗗洟鍓?瑁侊紱CFO鐜嬫箾鐢燂紝2004骞?鏈堝姞鍏ョ櫨搴︼紝涔嬪墠鍏舵渶杈夌厡鐨勮亴涓氱粡鍘嗕篃灏辨槸鏅崕姘搁亾鍥介檯璧勬湰甯傚満閮ㄧ殑鍚堜紮浜猴紱CTO鍒樺缓鍥?000骞村垵鍔犵洘鐧惧害涔嬪墠涓?洿鍦ㄥ仛瀛﹂棶锛屽仛鎼滅储鎶?湳鐮斿彂鐨勶紱甯傚満鍓?瑁佹鍐?005骞村垵鍑轰换鐧惧害鍏徃鍓?瑁併?

銆??浠庝汉鍛樻灦鏋勪笂鐪嬪苟涓嶇己灏戜粈涔堬紝鍙技涔庢病鏈変竴涓汉鏇剧粡鍦ㄦ暟鍗冧汉鐨勫ぇ鍏徃骞茶繃绠$悊鐨勶紝鍞竴鍙互鐚滄祴鏈夊ぇ鍥㈤槦绠$悊缁忛獙鐨勪篃灏辨槸鏈辨椽娉簡銆傚彲鍦?990骞翠唬鐨勭敤鍙嬶紝鍙堣兘甯姪浠栫Н绱灏戞瑙勫叕鍙哥殑绠$悊缁忛獙锛?br />
銆??鈥滈棯鐢佃鍛樷?浜嬩欢褰诲簳鏆撮湶浜嗚繖涓洟闃熺鐞嗚兘鍔涖?浜嬪疄涓婏紝浜轰滑瀵光?闂數瑁佸憳鈥濈殑鏅亶璁よ瘑鏄細鐧惧害瑁佸憳鏈韩骞朵笉濂囨?锛屽鐞嗘柟寮忓嵈寰堢畝鍗曪紝鑰屽悗鐨勫叕鍏冲弽搴旀洿鏄湁闂锛岀櫨搴EO鏈辨椽娉㈠湪鈥滆鍛橀?鎶ヤ細鈥濊В閲婃娆¤鍛樹簨浠讹紝鍘熷洜鍦ㄤ簬鈥滆繖閮ㄥ垎涓氬姟鐨勬垚闀挎?涓嶅濂解?锛岃?鐧惧害鐨勫畼鏂硅娉曞垯鏄?涓?寰堟甯哥殑鎴樼暐鏀剁缉鈥濄?

銆??鐩澒姝や妇锛屼竴浣嶅墠鐧惧害鍏徃鍛樺伐濡傛鍛婅瘔鏈垔璁拌?锛氣?涓?細鍎緾FO鍑洪潰瑙i噴锛屼竴浼氬効鍙堟槸浜哄姏璧勬簮鐨勮礋璐d汉鍙傚姞缃戜笂璁哄潧銆傚畼鏂圭殑瑙i噴璇嚭澶氶棬锛屽埌鍚庢潵鍙堣矗鎬粬浜衡?婊ョ敤濯掍綋鍏櫒鈥欙紝骞舵姳鎬ㄢ?涓嶇悊鏅虹殑绂昏亴鍛樺伐瀵圭櫨搴︿激瀹冲緢澶р?銆傝繖涓?郴鍒楁帾鏂戒娇寰楁湰鏉ヤ竴浠跺苟涓嶅鏉傜殑浜嬫儏锛屽嵈鎺?捣浜嗕竴鍦鸿僵鐒跺ぇ娉紝杩勪粖閮戒笉鑳藉畬鍏ㄥ钩鎭紝瀵圭櫨搴﹂?鎴愪簡鏋佸ぇ褰卞搷銆傗?

銆??鍦ㄢ?闂數瑁佸憳鈥濅簨浠朵箣鍓嶏紝鐧惧害鐨勭鐞嗘紡娲炲凡鏄鍊垵鐜帮紝鍗存湭鑳藉強鏃跺紩鍙戠櫨搴﹂珮灞傜殑璀﹁銆傝繖鏄竴璧疯鐧惧害鎴愬姛鈥滄寜浣忊?涓?鏃堕棿鐨勬鎯呫?2鏈?7鏃ュ锛岀櫨搴﹀コ鍛樺伐钀嶈悕锛堝皬鍚嶏級鍔犵彮鏈綊锛屽湪鍏徃18灞備細璁鐣欏銆傛鏃ュ噷鏅?鐐瑰锛屽叕鍙镐繚瀹夌帇鏌愬埛鍗¢?杩囬棬绂佹剰娆插鍏跺疄鏂藉己*锛屼笉鎴愬悗灏嗚悕钀嶆潃姝汇?

銆??鐩村埌8鏈?2鏃ワ紝鐧惧害鎵嶆寮忓杩欒捣妗堜欢缁欏嚭鍥炲銆傜劧鑰岋紝鍦ㄤ繚鎸佸崐骞寸殑缂勯粯鏈熼棿锛岀櫨搴︿粎瀵硅瀹冲憳宸ュ仛浜嗏?閫傚綋鎶氭仱鈥濓紝濮嬬粓鏈嬁鍑烘湁鍏充抚钁垂銆佽鎶氬吇浜虹敓娲昏垂鍜屾浜¤禂鍋块噾绛夊悗浜嬩簨瀹滅殑澶勭悊鏂规銆?br />
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銆??绁镐笉鍗曡锛屸?闂數瑁佸憳鈥濅簨浠跺皻鏈鐞嗗畬姣曪紝鐧惧害鍙堥櫡鍏ヤ笌澶╂瀬缃戠殑璇夎鏃嬫丁涔嬩腑銆?br />
銆??9鏈?8鏃ワ紝閴翠簬鐧惧害灏嗗ぉ鏋佺綉鈥滃ぉ鏋佷笅杞解?閾炬帴鎸囧悜涓庤嚜韬叧鑱旂綉绔欙紝澶╂瀬缃戣捣璇夌櫨搴﹀苟绱㈣禂3涓囧厓銆傚弽杩囨潵锛岀櫨搴︿笉浠呭湪鏁翠欢浜嬫儏涓婃寚璐eぉ鏋佲?鐐掍綔鈥濓紝涓嶇洿闈㈠洖搴旀悳绱笅杞界粨鏋滅殑閾炬帴闂锛岃?鏄湪9鏈?7鏃ワ紝浠ラ珮浜庡ぉ鏋佽捣璇夋爣鍗佸叚涓冨?鐨勬爣鐨勶紙50涓囧厓锛夊弽璇夊ぉ鏋佺綉涓嶆褰撶珵浜夈?

銆??杩欎笌鍓嶆鐧惧害闈㈠璐ㄧ枒鍏堕棯鐢佃鍛樼殑鍋氭硶鏃讹紝涓嶇洿闈㈢浉鍏抽棶棰橈紝鍙嶄笌鎼滅嫄鍏徃澶ф墦鍙f按浠楃殑澶勭悊鎵嬫硶濡傚嚭涓?緳銆傜湅浼煎湪杞Щ澶т紬瑙嗙嚎锛屽弽鑰屼娇寰楃綉涓婂ぇ浼楀鐧惧害鍋氭硶鐨勮礋闈㈣瘎浠蜂笉鏂?

銆??杩欎簺閮借〃鏄庣櫨搴︽牴鏈病鏈変竴濂楀嵄鏈哄叕鍏崇殑棰勬鍑嗗锛屾洿鍒浠?箞鐩稿簲鐨勭瓥鐣ュ拰鏂规硶锛屽彲鐧惧害杩欐牱鐨勬槑鏄熷叕鍙稿繀鐒舵槸瑕侀潰瀵归殢鏃跺彲鑳藉彂鐢熺殑鍗辨満浜嬩欢鐨勩?

銆??姊佸啲鐨勨?涓洪毦鈥?br />
銆??鍊煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸锛屽湪姊佸啲鎷呬换涓撹亴鍏叧甯傚満宸ヤ綔鐨勫壇鎬昏涔嬪悗锛岀櫨搴︾殑褰㈠娍渚濈劧娌℃湁鎵浆銆?br />
銆??涓?綅鐭ユ儏鈥滅寧澶粹?鍚戙?IT鏃朵唬鍛ㄥ垔銆嬮?闇诧紝2004骞寸櫨搴︽浘缁忓鎵樹粬瀵绘壘甯傚満鍓?銆備絾鍚庢潵锛屾潕褰﹀畯閫夋嫨浜嗗墠鍑ゅ嚢鍗鐨勨?鍚嶅槾鈥濇鍐?鍧婇棿瑙傚療浜哄+鎸囧嚭锛屾鍐负鐧惧害鍒涙剰鐨勨?I鈥濆瓧骞垮憡杩樻槸寰堟湁鍛抽亾鐨勩?浼拌姊佸啲鑷韩鐨勮烦妲戒篃涓虹櫨搴﹀甫鏉ヤ簡涓嶅皯鏄庢槦鐨勭溂鐞冩晥搴斻?鍙瀵间竴涓編鍥戒笂甯傚叕鍙哥殑甯傚満锛屽氨鏈変簺闅句负浠栦簡銆?br />
銆??鎼滅储缃戠珯鐩墠鐨勭泩鍒╂ā寮忎富瑕佹槸鍚勭鍚勬牱鐨勫箍鍛婏紝鐪嬭捣鏉ヤ技濯掍綋锛屼絾瀹冩瘯绔熻繕娑夊強寰堝鐨勪俊鎭鐞嗘妧鏈?鑰屾鍐互鍓嶉暱鏈熺疆韬簰鑱旂綉鍦堝锛屾寚鏈涗粬鍦ㄧ煭鏈熷唴瀹屽叏铻嶅叆鎼滅储鎶?湳鍦堝唴锛岃繖瀵逛粬鏄竴涓?涓洪毦鈥濓紱鍏舵锛屾鍐師鏉ュ仛鐢佃濯掍綋涓绘寔浜猴紝涔犳儻浜嗗鐫?暅澶翠竴瀵瑰鍦板崟鍚戜紶鎾?鐜板湪鏄仛棰嗗锛屽仛棰嗗鐨勭涓?熀鏈姛鏄矡閫氾紝杩欎笉浠呮槸鎸囩櫨搴﹀叕鍙稿唴閮ㄧ殑娌熼?锛屾洿瑕佹搮闀垮澶栨矡閫氥?鑰屼綔涓轰紒涓氫唬瑷?汉锛屾鍐簲璇ュ湪娌熼?涓洿澶氭槸鑱嗗惉澶栫晫鐨勫0闊炽?浣嗕粬鏄剧劧鍦ㄨ繖鏂归潰涔熷仛寰椾笉澶熴?鏈夊獟浣撳悓琛屽憡璇夋湰鍒婅鑰咃紝浠栧湪涓?涓庢鎬荤殑闀挎椂闂存矡閫氫腑锛岃寰楀鐨勬槸瀵规柟鑰屼笉鏄嚜宸便?鐪嬫潵鑱嗗惉宸ヤ綔瀵逛粬鏄張涓?釜鈥滀负闅锯?銆?br />
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銆??闈㈠绠$悊涓婇潰鍑虹幇鐨勯棶棰橈紝鏉庡溅瀹忓凡缁忔剰璇嗗埌浜嗭紝骞跺仛鍑轰簡涓?簺浜轰簨璋冩暣锛岃繖鍖呮嫭鎶婃鍐粠甯傚満鍏叧鍓?瑁佽皟鏁翠负鍏徃鍒涙剰鍓?瑁併?鎹?IT鏃朵唬鍛ㄥ垔銆嬫帉鎻$殑鐧惧害鍐呴儴閭欢鏄剧ず锛屽湪鑷村叕鍙稿叏浣撳憳宸ョ殑閭欢涓紝鏉庡溅瀹忓凡缁忔剰璇嗗埌鍏叧闂鍑哥幇鐧惧害鐨勬垚闀跨殑鐑︽伡锛屼粬璁や负杩欎簺闂灏ゅ叾鏄惧嚭鏂囧寲浠峰?寤鸿鐨勫繀瑕佹?銆備粬杩樺悓鏃舵寚鍑衡?姊佸啲鍦ㄦ枃鍖栧強濯掍綋鐮旂┒鏂归潰鐨勭粡楠屽彲鍗忓姪鐧惧害鐨勬枃鍖栧缓璁锯?銆?br />
銆??鍙︽湁娑堟伅浼犳潵锛?鏈堝簳锛岀櫨搴︽?鐩戠骇浠ヤ笂鍛樺伐鍙紑浜?澶╃殑闂棬浼氳锛屽氨杩戞湡鎺ヨ繛鍑轰簨灞曞紑鑷垜鎵硅瘎鍜岃嚜鎴戞璁紝澶у涓?嚧璁や负鐧惧害鍦ㄨ嫢骞查鍩熼兘鏈夊法澶х殑闇?鏀硅繘鐨勫湴鏂癸紝骞舵杩庡獟浣撶洃鐫c?

銆??浜$緤琛ョ墷鏈负鏅氾紝浣嗙櫨搴︾殑杩欎簺涓炬帾浼间箮閮芥槸琚姩搴斾粯鈥斺?鐧惧害宸茬粡涓烘浠樺嚭浜嗕笉灏戠殑浠d环锛岃嫢娌℃湁瀵圭鐞嗕綋绯诲拰鏋舵瀯鐨勫弽鎬濆拰鏀瑰杽锛岃繖涓璐规亹鎬曡繕寰楃户缁氦涓嬪幓銆?br />
銆??姝ゅ锛岀櫨搴︾殑瀹樺徃涓嶆柇璁╀汉涓嶇鎯宠捣涓変簲骞村墠涓ゅぇ闂ㄦ埛缃戞柊娴拰鎼滅嫄涔熸槸瀹樺徃涓嶆柇銆備粖澶╋紝铏界劧涓氱晫鐨勪簤鍚典竴鍒讳篃娌″仠杩囷紝浣嗘秹鍙婁粬浠殑瀹樺徃鏄矞鏈夊惉鍒般?鎵撹繃缁忔祹瀹樺徃鐨勪汉閮界煡閬擄紝涓嶇鏈?悗璋佽緭璋佽耽锛屽鍗婄殑缁撴灉閮芥槸涓よ触淇变激銆傚喌涓旓紝娑夊強浜掕仈缃戞妧鏈拰鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈锛屽晢涓氱珵浜夌瓑鏂归潰鐨勫畼鍙革紝鐢变簬娉曞緥鏈韩閮芥槸鍦ㄥ彂灞曞畬鍠勪腑锛屽緢闅炬湁涓?釜绠?崟鍑嗙‘锛屼娇寰楀弻鏂归兘蹇冩偊璇氭湇鐨勫垽鍐崇粨鏋溿?鑰岀儲鎭肩殑澧炲姞鏄繀鐒剁殑銆傜櫨搴︽鍦ㄩ噸澶嶇潃鍥藉唴浜掕仈缃戝墠杈堜滑鎴愰暱鐨勫磶宀栭亾璺簲璇ヤ笉鏄阀鍚堬紝鐧惧害璇夊ぉ鏋佺綉娑堟伅浼犲嚭鐨勫綋澶╋紝鐧惧害鍦ㄧ編鍥界撼鏂揪鍏嬪競鍦虹殑鑲′环灏变笅璺屼簡1.37缇庡厓銆?br />



銆??绗笁绔?鐧惧害褰撴璁?br />
銆??2006骞?鏈?4鏃ョ櫨搴﹀彂甯冧簡鎴嚦6鏈?0鏃ョ殑2005骞寸浜屽搴︽湭缁忓璁¤储鎶ワ紝鎶ュ憡鏄剧ず锛岀櫨搴︾浜屽搴︽?钀ユ敹涓轰汉姘戝竵6970涓囧厓锛屽悓姣斿闀?88.6%;鍑?埄娑︿负浜烘皯甯?210涓囧厓锛屽悓姣斿闀?25.5%銆?br />
銆??鐧惧害杩樺湪蹇┈鍔犻灜鍦板墠杩涳紝浣嗘槸瀹冭禆浠ョ敓瀛樼殑骞垮憡甯傚満鑳藉惁缁х画缁存寔鍏跺姝ら珮閫熺殑澧為暱锛屽凡缁忔垚涓轰竴涓笉寰椾笉鑰冭檻鐨勯棶棰樸?姝ゅ鐧惧害鍦ㄤ腑鏂囨悳绱㈠競鍦轰笂杩戜箮鍨勬柇鐨勫湴浣嶅強鍏跺甯傚満鐨勮繃搴﹀紑閲囦篃璁╂暣涓涓氭暣浣撳彈鎹熴?

銆??璐槧鐨勭敓瀛樺湡澹?br />
銆??鏉庡溅瀹忔竻閱掑湴鎰忚瘑鍒帮紝涓浗甯傚満杩樺緢涓嶆垚鐔燂紝寰堝急灏忥紝鍙伆鎭板湪杩欐牱涓?釜骞煎皬鐨勫競鍦轰笂锛岀櫨搴﹁繖浣嶄腑鏂囨悳绱㈢殑闇镐富锛屽苟娌℃湁鍦ㄥ煿鑲插競鍦轰笂涓嬪姛澶?鐪嬬湅鐧惧害涓婁竴浜涚儹闂ㄥ叧閿瓧鐨勬悳绱㈢粨鏋滃氨鏄庣櫧姝よ█涓嶈櫄銆?br />
銆??骞虫澘鐢佃鈥斺?鍙湁5涓粯璐圭殑鎺ㄥ箍绔炰环瀹㈡埛锛屽崰鍙敭骞垮憡浣嶇殑50%銆傚箍鍛婁富鏄疶CL銆丩G銆佹澗涓嬨?绱㈠凹銆傚熀鏈笂鏄湪鍋氫釜鍒浉鍏充骇鍝佺殑鍝佺墝瀹d紶锛岃?鏇寸洿鎺ユ帴杩戞秷璐硅?鐨勬笭閬撻浂鍞晢鍥界編銆佽嫃瀹佺瓑鏃犱竴鍙備笌銆?br />
銆??鎶よ偆鐢ㄥ搧鈥斺?鍙湁鍗婃暟鐨勫箍鍛婁綅琚敭鍑猴紝鑰屽崰鎹繖浜涗綅缃殑灏芥暟鏄崜瓒娿?eBay銆侀樋閲屽反宸淬?娣樺疂杩欑被浜掕仈缃戝叕鍙革紝琛屼笟鈥滅粺娌烩?鑰咃紝濡傚疂娲併?灞堣嚕姘忋?寮虹敓绛夊潎鏈湪鍏跺垪銆?br />
銆??鍐扮鈥斺?鍙崠鍑轰簡涓変釜绔炰环浣嶃?

銆??杞胯溅鈥斺?杩欎釜搴旇鏄箍鍛婃姇鏀炬渶澶х殑鍟嗗搧/鍝佺墝涔嬩竴锛屼篃鍙湁鍒厠銆佹矁灏旀矁鍜屾爣蹇椾笁涓搧鐗屽巶瀹惰喘涔颁簡绔炰环浣嶏紝鏇村鐨勬苯杞﹀搧鐗屼笉瑙佽釜褰便?

銆??MP3鎾斁鍣ㄢ?鈥斿湪鍗栧嚭鍘荤殑4涓箍鍛婁綅涓棦鐪嬩笉鍒扮埍鍥借?銆佺航鏇肩瓑鍥藉唴鍚嶇墝锛屼篃涓嶈涓夋槦銆佽嫻鏋滅瓑涓栫晫鍚嶇墝浠ュ強瀹冧滑鐨勫垎閿?晢锛岃?鏄喘鐗╃綉绔欏眳澶氥?

銆??杩欑粍鏁版嵁浠庝晶闈㈠弽鏄犲嚭锛氬湪鍥藉唴浼犵粺浼佷笟骞舵病鏈夋妸鎼滅储褰撲綔鍏跺競鍦轰紶鎾殑涓昏鎵嬫锛屽綋鍓嶇綉姘戠殑璐拱鍔涘拰褰卞搷鍔涢兘杩樹笉瓒充互鍚稿紩閭d簺骞垮憡涓诲姏鍐涘湪缃戠粶鎼滅储涓婂仛澶х殑鎶曞叆銆?br />
銆??鎼滅储骞垮憡甯傚満鏄剧劧杩橀渶瑕佹洿澶氬湴鍩硅偛锛屽彧鏈夋湁璧栦互鐢熷瓨鐨勫叕鍙告墠鍙互鏈夐暱涔呭彂灞曠殑鍔ㄥ姏锛屼絾鏄技涔庣櫨搴﹀苟娌℃湁鎶婄簿鍔涙斁鍦ㄨ繖閲屻?

銆??浠栦滑鐨勭爺绌剁劍鐐瑰畬鍏ㄦ斁鍦ㄤ簡瀵圭幇鏈変笂缃戜汉缇ょ殑鍙戞帢鍜岄攣瀹氾紝鏇村寮鸿皟鐨勬槸鎼滅储骞垮憡妯″紡锛屼笌浼犵粺骞垮憡鐨勬瘮杈冧紭鍔匡紝渚嬪锛氬涔堢簿鍑嗭紝澶氫箞鐩存帴锛屽涔堥珮鏁堬紝澶氫箞寤変环銆?br />
銆??2006骞翠簰鑱旂綉澶т細涓婃湵娲尝璁插埌锛歱agetargeting銆乻itetargeting銆乤ffiliatetargeting銆傝繖涓紨璁蹭笉鍙皳涓嶄笓涓氾紝浣嗕粬鍛婅瘔澶у鐨勬槸鎼滅储骞垮憡鏈夊灏戠锛屽涔堢粡娴庨珮鏁堛?鍙槸锛屽鏋滅瀯鍑嗙殑瀹㈡埛閮戒笉鏄兘涓烘垜浠甫鏉ュぇ鐢熸剰鍜岄珮闄勫姞鍊肩殑澶у箍鍛婁富锛屽啀鍑嗙‘閮芥棤娴庝簬浜嬨?

銆??涓氬唴涓?煡鍚嶄汉澹氨姝ゆ寚鍑猴紝鈥滃綋浣犵偒鑰?埇鍦拌杩颁簡浣犻偅鍚捣鏉ユ柊棰栭珮娣辩殑鍚嶈瘝鍚庯紝浣犳病鏈夋兂涓?兂浣犵殑鐩爣骞垮憡涓诲惉寰楁噦鍚楋紵鈥?br />
銆??涓?綅鍦ㄦ煇鐭ュ悕浜掕仈缃戞湇鍔℃彁渚涘晢宸ヤ綔鐨勪笟鍐呬汉澹寚鍑猴紝浠栦滑鐨勪笟鍔″緢渚濊禆浜掕仈缃戠殑骞垮憡鎺ㄥ箍锛屽寘鎷悳绱㈡帓鍚嶈繖绉嶅舰寮忥紝浣嗕负浜嗗疄鐜扮簿鍑嗗拰缁忔祹锛屽敖閲忛伩鍏嶆棤鏁堢偣鍑诲拰绔炰簤鐨勮?铏戯紝浠栦滑鐨勬姇鏀炬搷浣滈潪甯稿鏉傘?鍑犱箮瑕佷竴涓簰鑱旂綉鐨勪笓涓氫汉鍛橈紝姣忓ぉ瀹堝湪鎿嶄綔骞冲彴涓婄淮鎶ゆ暟鐧句釜鍏抽敭璇嶏紝璋冩暣绔炰环銆傚悓鏃讹紝涓轰簡鎼滅储鐨勬湁鏁堝拰鎺掍綅锛岀綉绔欐湰韬繕瑕佸仛澶ч噺鐨勪紭鍖栧伐浣滐紝鍙粬姣忔湀鍦ㄤ竴涓悳绱㈠紩鎿庣殑鎶曟斁涓嶈繃鍑犱竾鍏冦?杩欒閭d簺姣忓勾鎶曟斁鍗冧竾绾э紝鐢氳嚦涓婁嚎瑙勬ā鐨勪紶缁熻涓氬ぇ骞垮憡涓讳滑寰堥毦浠嬪叆銆?br />
銆??鐜板疄鐨勬儏鍐垫槸锛屼紶缁熺殑澶у箍鍛婁富骞舵病鏈夎鐧惧害璇存湇銆?br />
銆??鍒涙柊杩樻槸妯′豢

銆??7鏈?3鏃ワ紝灏卞湪闂數瑁佸憳鐨勫悓鏃讹紝鐧惧害鍦ㄥ寳浜浗闄呬細璁腑蹇冨彫寮?簡鈥滅櫨搴︿笘鐣屸?灞曠ず浼氥?涓婂崈浜烘湡鏈涚湅鍒扮櫨搴︿笂甯備竴骞村悗甯︽潵鎯婂枩銆?br />
銆??鏍规嵁鏃堕棿琛紝浼氳璁▼搴旇鏄?鐐瑰紑濮嬶紝12鐐?5鍒嗙粨鏉燂紝鎺ㄨ繜寮?浜嗗樊涓嶅30鍒嗛挓涓嶈锛屼笉鍒?2鐐瑰氨缁撴潫浜嗐?浼氫笂闄や簡鍑犱釜璇锋潵鐨勫槈瀹撅紝灏辨槸鍑犱箮鎵?湁鐧惧害楂樼鐨勮嚜鎴戜粙缁嶇殑濂楄瘽銆傚ソ涓嶅鏄撶浖鏉ュ彂甯冧竴涓柊浜у搧鈥滅櫨搴︾┖闂粹?锛岀湅璧锋潵涔熷嵈鍍忓涔燤SN鐨勨?绌洪棿鈥濄?

銆??钁楀悕浜掕仈缃戝垎鏋愪汉澹獽eso瀵规姣棤闅愯鍦拌锛氱櫨搴︾┖闂存槸涓?釜妯′豢鐨勪骇鍝併?

銆??浜嬪疄涓婏紝鐧惧害涓婂競涓?勾澶氭潵锛岃櫧鐒跺湪绾虫柉杈惧厠涓婂垱閫犱簡璇稿濂囪抗锛屼絾闄や簡涓枃鎼滅储鏂归潰鍦ㄧ幇鏈夌殑棰嗗湴鍐呮帢閲戝锛屾湭瑙佷换浣曟嫇灞曠殑涓惧姩銆傝繖鏄洜涓烘潕褰﹀畯璁や负锛屼换浣曚竴涓悳绱㈠紩鎿庣殑鎴愬姛閮戒笉鏄洜涓烘搷浣滆?璧勯噾瀹炲姏闆勫帤锛岃?鏄洜涓轰粬浠笓娉ㄤ簬鎶?湳锛屼笓娉ㄤ簬鎶婄敤鎴蜂綋楠屾彁楂樸?鑰屼竴鏃﹁繖浜涘叕鍙稿紑濮嬪鍏冨寲銆佽繘鍏ラ棬鎴烽鍩熸垨鑰呭仛鍏朵粬鐨勪簨鎯咃紝鏈?悗寰堝閮戒細澶辫触銆?br />
銆??浣嗕笓娉ㄦ槸鍚﹀氨鑳藉淇濊瘉鎴愬姛涔熷?寰楁?鐤戯紝Google杩欎釜鍏ㄧ悆鎼滅储琛屼笟闇镐富澶氬厓鍖栧彂灞曠殑鎴愮哗浼间箮鑳藉缁欑櫨搴︿互鍚ず銆?br />
銆??Google浠ユ悳绱㈣捣瀹讹紝瀹冧互姝や负鍑哄彂鐐逛竴鐩村湪涓嶆柇鍒涙柊锛岀爺鍙戞柊鐨勬湇鍔′骇鍝佸拰椤圭洰銆傜幇鍦℅oogle鐨勪笟鍔″凡缁忔秹鍙婂崼鏄熸悳绱?鍗虫椂閫氳銆佺綉缁滀氦鍙嬨?缃戠粶鏃ヨ绛変簰鑱旂綉鐨勫悇涓柊棰嗗煙銆?004骞?鏈?鏃ワ紝Google鎮勭劧鎺ㄥ嚭浜?GB鐨勮秴澶mail閭锛屼竴鍛ㄥ勾涔嬪悗锛孏oogle鍙堢獊鐒跺皢Gmail鎵╁鑷?GB锛屽洜姝mail鎺ㄥ箍鐨勯?搴︾浉褰撳揩锛涙澶朑oogle妗岄潰鎼滅储宸茬粡瑁呭埌浜嗕笂鍗冧竾鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭數鑴戜笂锛涜储缁忛閬撳涓婂競鍏徃鑲″競琛ㄧ幇鍙婂叾鐩稿叧璧勮鐨勮仛闆嗗拰灞曠ず宸茬粡璁╅儴鍒嗙敤鎴蜂笉鍐嶄娇鐢ㄩ泤铏庣殑鐩稿簲鏈嶅姟锛涙鍦ㄨ瘯鐢ㄧ殑GoogleEarth鏇存槸璁╀汉鐖变笉閲婃墜銆侴oogle鍙戝睍鐨勫拕鍜勯?浜猴紝鐢氳嚦璁╁井杞潗绔嬩笉瀹夛紝灏嗗叾瀹氫綅涓鸿嚜宸辨渶澶х殑绔炰簤瀵规墜銆?br />
銆??铏界劧鍦ㄤ腑鍥藉競鍦虹殑鐩墠琛ㄧ幇杩樺緢璁╀汉鎰熷埌鎰忓锛屼絾鏄病鏈夎皝鑳藉鎬?枒Google鐨勫疄鍔涘拰鏈潵銆傚叾澶т腑鍗庡尯鑱斿悎鎬昏涔嬩竴鐨勫懆闊跺畞鍦ㄤ簰鑱旂綉澶т細鐨勫彂瑷?拰璁胯皥涓О锛氭垜浠湪涔庡競鍦轰唤棰濓紝鏇村湪涔庣敤鎴蜂綋楠岋紝涓浗鐨勮矾杩樺緢闀匡紝鍙戝睍浠呭湪鍒濇湡銆傚嚑涔庢槸鍚屾椂锛屽叾鍏ㄧ悆鍓?瑁併?涓浗鍖烘?瑁佹潕寮?鍦ㄥ箍宸炲憡璇夈?IT鏃朵唬鍛ㄥ垔銆嬶細鈥滄悳绱笉鏄疓oogle鐨勪娇鍛斤紝鎴戜滑涔熶笉浼氬拰绔炰簤瀵规墜鍘讳簤鎶㈠競鍦轰唤棰濄?鈥濆湪鏉庡紑澶嶇湅鏉ワ紝Google鐨勪娇鍛芥槸鈥滄暣鍚堝叏鐞冧俊鎭紝璁╀汉浜哄彲鐢紝浜轰汉鍙楃泭鈥濄?

銆??鐨勭‘锛屽鏋滅櫨搴︽病鏈夋柊鐨勭獊鐮达紝鍙湁鍗曚竴鐨勪腑鏂囨悳绱㈢泩鍒╂ā寮忥紝涓嶅幓寮?嫇甯傚満锛岀Н鏋佸垱鏂帮紝灏卞緢闅炬敮鎾戜紒涓氱殑蹇?鎸佺画鍙戝睍锛屾弧瓒虫姇璧勮?鐨勬敹鐩婇鏈熴?

銆??鍨勬柇璐诲鏃犵┓

銆??鎹瓹NNIC鍒氬垰鍙戝竷鐨勪腑鍥芥悳绱㈠競鍦虹粺璁″垎鏋愭姤鍛婄殑甯傚満浠介涓樉绀猴紝鍦ㄦ悳绱㈡柟闈㈢櫨搴﹀崰鎹簡缁濆鐨勯鍏堝湴浣嶃?鑰岃繖涔熸鏄櫨搴︾洰鍓嶉夯鐑︿笉鏂殑涓?釜涓昏鍘熷洜銆?br />
銆??灏界鐧惧害鐨勬悳绱㈠苟闈炲畬缇庢棤缂猴紝鍙畠姣曠珶鏄幇闃舵涓枃鎼滅储涓浉瀵规渶濂界殑锛屼腑鏂囧唴瀹瑰瓨閲忔渶澶х殑锛屾洿鏂伴?搴︽渶蹇殑銆傚啀鍔犱笂鏃犺鎼滅嫍銆佺埍闂繕鏄腑鎼滆櫧鐒跺紑濮嬫椂閮芥槸璞█涓囦笀锛屼絾杩勪粖涓烘涔熼兘娌℃湁瀵圭櫨搴︽瀯鎴愬疄璐ㄤ笂鐨勫▉鑳併?闆呰檸鍦ㄤ腑鍥藉競鍦轰笂鍙樻潵鍙樺幓锛孏oogle涓浗鐨勮剼璺熶技涔庝篃杩樺湪绔欑ǔ锛屼簬鏄櫨搴﹀湪涓枃鎼滅储甯傚満鐨勨?鍨勬柇鈥濆舰鎴愪簡銆?br />
銆??灏界涓浗甯傚満杩樻病鏈夋墦鍔ㄥぇ骞垮憡涓伙紝浣嗗緢澶氫腑灏忎紒涓氳繕鏄妸瀹冨綋浣滀竴涓浉瀵瑰粔浠风殑浼犳挱骞冲彴銆傜櫨搴︾殑鍨勬柇鏈夊彲鑳戒弗閲嶄激瀹宠繖涓涓氾紝浼ゅ鍒濊瘯杩欑鏈嶅姟鐨勭敤鎴凤紝鏈?粓涔熶激瀹崇櫨搴﹁嚜宸便?

銆??2006骞?鏈?鏃ワ紝鐧惧害鍏徃棣栨渚濇嵁姣忎釜鍏抽敭璇嶇殑鍟嗕笟浠峰?鑰岃皟鏁翠簡璧蜂环銆備互鍓嶄竴涓叧閿瘝鐨勮捣浠风粺涓?槸0.3鍏冿紝鍦ㄨ皟鏁翠箣鍚庯紝鏈夌殑鍏抽敭璇嶈捣浠疯揪鍒板嚑鍏冮挶銆傚彟鏈夐儴鍒嗗叧閿瘝鐨勪环鏍兼湁鎵?笅闄嶃?

銆??浣嗗垰濂藉湪鐧惧害鍋氬嚭浠锋牸璋冩暣鍓嶄笌鐧惧害浠ヨ捣浠?.3鍏冪殑浠锋牸绛捐浜嗙珵浠锋帓鍚嶅悎鍚岀殑寰嬪笀寮犳柊缁磋涓猴紝鐧惧害鐨勬搮鑷彁浠疯繚鍙嶄簡鍙屾柟鐨勫悎鍚岃瀹氾紝灞炰簬鐧惧害鍗曟柟闈㈣繚绾︼紝浜庢槸涓?焊璇夌姸灏嗙櫨搴﹀叕鍙歌瘔鑷虫捣娣?硶闄?

銆??鐧惧害鏂归潰缁欏嚭瑙i噴璇达紝鐧惧害宸茬粡鍦ㄥ疄鏂芥定浠蜂箣鍓嶇殑5鏈?9鏃ラ?鐭ヤ簡浠g悊鍟嗐?浣嗗紶鏂扮淮鍗磋涓猴紝鐧惧害鐨勬定浠疯涓轰笉鍗曟槸涓?鏅?鐨勪环鏍艰皟鏁达紝鑰屾槸宸茬粡鎺ㄧ炕浜嗗師鏉ョ殑绔炰环鎺掑悕娼滆鍒欍?鍥犱负鈥滀互鍓嶆槸瀹㈡埛閫氳繃绔炰簤鑷劧褰㈡垚绔炰环浠锋牸锛岀幇鍦ㄥ垯鍙樻垚浜嗙敱鐧惧害鎿嶇旱浠锋牸浜嗏?銆傝繖灏辨剰鍛崇潃锛岀珵浠风殑浠锋牸鍙湁涓婃定鑰屼笉浼氭湁鍥炶惤锛岀敤鎴蜂笉鍐嶈兘鑷富鍦版帶鍒跺叧閿瘝鐨勭敵鎶ヤ环鏍煎拰鎺掑悕浣嶆銆?br />
銆??鏈変笟鍐呬汉澹О锛屾湰鏉ョ珵浠锋帓鍚嶇殑娑堣垂宸茬粡鎸夌収鐐瑰嚮閲忚繘琛屼簡鏀惰垂锛屽悓鏃跺啀鏀跺彇涓撲笟鏈嶅姟璐瑰拰澧炲?鏈嶅姟璐癸紝宸插睘涓嶅悎鐞嗘敹璐癸紝鐜板湪鍙堝彇娑堜簡鏈?綆璧蜂环锛岀櫨搴︽槑鏄惧瓨鍦ㄥ簵澶ф瀹㈢殑琛屼负銆?br />
銆??8鏈?鏃ヤ腑鍗?2鐐癸紝10浣欏悕鐧惧害绔炰环鎺掑悕瀹㈡埛鑱氶泦鍦ㄧ櫨搴﹀叕鍙告ゼ涓嬫姉璁櫨搴︾珵浠锋帓鍚嶆楠楀鎴凤紝閫氳繃鎭舵剰鐐瑰嚮鏁涜储锛岀害鍗婁釜灏忔椂鍚庤淇濆畨椹辨暎銆?br />
銆??鎹涓猴紝姝f槸鐢变簬鍗犳嵁澶ч儴鍒嗘悳绱㈠競鍦猴紝鐧惧害鎵嶆暍蹇借鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬劅鍙楋紝鎭舵剰鐐瑰嚮娉涙互锛岀珵浠锋帓鍚嶇殑浠锋牸涓?定鍐嶆定锛涗篃鏄敱浜庢锛岀櫨搴︽墠鏁簬杞绘槗鍦版敼鍙樻笭閬撻攢鍞斂绛栵紝缃笌鍏跺叡鍚屾墦鎷煎彂灞曠殑閿?敭鍚堜綔浼欎即浜庝笉椤俱?鐢氳嚦鍑虹幇浜嗚繖绉嶆儏鍐碉紝褰撴湁浜鸿川鐤戠偣鍑绘楠楁椂锛岀櫨搴﹀洖搴旓細鐭ラ亾鏈夋楠椾綘杩樿喘涔般?鍏舵剰灏卞ソ鍍忓湪璇寸煡閬撴湁鐮傚瓙浣犲氨鍒悆鎴戠殑绫炽?骞垮憡鐢ㄦ埛铏界劧鎬ㄥ0杞介亾锛屽嵈鍙堣嫤浜庡皯鏈夋浛浠i?鎷╋紝姣曠珶鍚冩湁鐮傚瓙鐨勭背锛屼篃姣旀病鏈夌背鍚冨己寰堝銆?br />
銆??杩欑鍨勬柇鐨勬儏褰㈠鐢ㄦ埛鐨勪激瀹宠嚜涓嶅繀璇达紝瀵圭櫨搴﹁嚜韬篃鏄煁涓嬩簡瀹氭椂鐐稿脊銆?br />
銆??鎼滅储涓嶅彲鑳芥槸浜掕仈缃戠殑缁堟瀬鐑偣锛屼簰鑱旂綉鐨勫彂灞曢?搴︿箣蹇紝鐢ㄤ竴鏃ュ崈閲屾潵褰㈠姣笉杩囧垎銆傚鏋滄湁鍙﹀涓?鏂瑰紡鎴栨笭閬撳悓鏍疯兘澶熷埌杈剧浉搴旂殑鍙椾紬锛岃揪鍒颁紶鎾殑鐩殑锛岀櫨搴︾殑鐢ㄦ埛鍙兘浼氶┈涓婅浆绉汇?

銆??姝ゅ锛屾笭閬撳線寰?煇绉嶇▼搴︿笂鎺屾彙鐫?鎴疯祫婧愶紝鑰屼笖鏄竴鎵瑰鎴疯祫婧愶紝涓?棪涓庡叾鍏崇郴鎼炲兊锛屾笭閬撲笉浠呬細甯︾潃瀹㈡埛绂诲紑锛岃繕浼氬奖鍝嶄竴鐗囥?灏ゅ叾浜掕仈缃戝箍鍛婄殑鎶曟斁瀛樺湪澶嶆潅鐨勬妧鏈棶棰橈紝娌℃湁娓犻亾浠g悊鐨勮В閲婄敋鑷抽儴鍒嗙殑鍞悗鏈嶅姟宸ヤ綔锛岀櫨搴﹀氨蹇呴』瑕佸缓绔嬩竴涓簽澶х殑鏈嶅姟闃熶紞鍜屽煿璁ぇ鍐涳紝鎵嶈兘鏁欎細骞舵湇鍔″ソ浼楀鐨勫箍鍛婂鎴凤紝灏ゅ叾鏄潪IT琛屼笟鐨勫箍鍛婃姇鏀捐?銆?br />
銆??涓氬唴浜哄+琛ㄧず锛氳繖绉嶅瀯鏂?鎴愮殑鎭跺姡褰卞搷瀵硅涓氱殑鍙戝睍涔熸槸闈炲父璐熼潰鐨勩?鏈潵閭d簺澶у箍鍛婁富閮借繕鍦ㄨ鏈涳紝鎴戜滑鏄涔堢殑甯屾湜浠栦滑鍙備笌杩涙潵鍔犻?琛屼笟鐨勫彂灞曪紝鍙垰鍒伴棬鍙o紝灏辩湅瑙佷竴缇や笉鎴愮啛鐨勨?瀛╁瓙鈥濆湪闄㈤噷鎵撴灦锛屼粬浠繕鏁㈣繄鑵胯繘鏉ヨ窡浣犱滑鎺哄拰鍚楋紵蹇冮噷闈㈡亹鎬曡繕鍢?挄锛屽垢浜忔病鎸囨湜浣犱滑锛屼笉鐒惰繕涓嶈浜嗘垜鐨勪拱鍗栥?






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